Since the thermodynamic PROPERTIES of liquid mixtures provide valuable data for the accurate and proper design of industrial processes and provide a desirable perspective on understanding the nature of intermolecular interactions between materials, they are of particular importance. In this study, the density and viscosity of binary mixtures containing cyclopentanone + 1-propanol to 1-hexanol at different temperatures (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K) were measured, and the excess molar volumes (V_m^E) of the mixtures were calculated using the density values. Negative V_m^E values were obtained for the cyclopentanone + 1-propanol and 1-butanol mixtures only at 293.15 K, and positive values for the cyclopentanone + 1-propanol to 1-hexanol solutions were obtained at all temperatures. Additionally, the viscosity deviations (Δη) for cyclopentanone + 1-propanol to 1-hexanol were negative at all temperatures. The results indicate that the molecular interactions in solutions containing short-chain alcohols are stronger, while the increase in the hydrocarbon chain length of the alcohol leads to a weakening of the intermolecular forces. Furthermore, computational studies were used to investigate the formation of hydrogen bonds and their strength based on the values of hydrogen bond interaction energy (E), structural characteristics of the hydrogen bond length (R(O...H)), NMR spectroscopic data (O-H), and the values of electron density at the critical point of the hydrogen bond (BCP). The experimental excess molar volumes were compared with the computational data in the gas phase. All computational results confirm the decrease in the strength of the hydrogen bond between cyclopentanone and 1-alkanols with the increase in the alkyl chain length.

The paper studies the possibility of unifying the two branches of the irreversible engineering THERMODYNAMICS, namely finite physical dimensions THERMODYNAMICS (FPDT) and finite speed THERMODYNAMICS (FST), aiming to take into account their benefits and successes and to eliminate as much as possible their disadvantages. Actually, the two branches have the same goal, that of optimizing the performance of thermal machines and they were developed almost in parallel. Analysis of thermal machines cycles using the FPDT is based on the first and second law of THERMODYNAMICS, in the presence of the external irreversibility generated by the heat transfer at finite temperature difference at the thermal reservoirs and internal irreversibility, using the internal source of entropy considered as parameter or function to be specified. The FST is based on the mathematical expression of the first law for process with finite speed that involves three causes of internal irreversibility, namely the finite speed of the piston, internal friction and throttling. The direct method is used in the analysis of thermal machines cycles to provide analytical expression of the machine performance (efficiency and power) as a function of the speed of the process. The significant progress of these two branches of irreversible engineering THERMODYNAMICS makes their unification a desirable outcome. We hope that the new model yielded from this study will provide an even more important tool for engineers that will help their attempt to a better design and optimization of thermal machines.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric PROPERTIES of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

In this article, we present a brief and elementary review of quantum THERMODYNAMICS and its achievements and challenges. This review includes an introduction to some fundamental concepts such as internal energy, heat, work, entropy, entropy production, thermal equilibrium, second law of quantum THERMODYNAMICS, relation between THERMODYNAMICS and information theory, as well as a discussion of how quantum effects such as entanglement and correlations affect performance of quantum heat engines.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical theory of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer theory. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer theory and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer theory. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer theory was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..